Procedures

Building a drive that carries several systems

One stick, a folder of ISO files, a menu at power-on. The setup takes ten minutes once and then adding a system means copying a file.

Key points

  • Images stay whole files; the loader presents each one to the firmware on demand.
  • The data partition remains an ordinary drive you can also use for documents.
  • Verify each image before copying it — a bad download looks like a bad drive.

The idea

Traditional preparation dedicates a drive to one image. An image loader inverts that: the drive is prepared once with a small boot component, and the images become ordinary files you manage with your file manager. At power-on the loader lists what it finds and boots the entry you choose.

The practical difference shows up over months. A stick with a current Linux release, last year's release for a machine that only works with it, a partition tool, a memory tester and a Windows installer is a stick you actually carry, and none of that required a single reformat after the first day.

Layout of a multi-image drive: small FAT32 boot partition, large data partition holding ISO files, and the boot sequence
Two partitions do all the work. Firmware reads the small one; the menu reads the large one.

How the drive is laid out

Setup creates a small FAT32 partition — tens of megabytes — that firmware can read in either boot mode, plus a large data partition formatted exFAT or NTFS so file size stops being a constraint. Your images live on the second partition. Windows and macOS will typically show only that one, which is the intended behaviour.

Because the images are files rather than a raw copy of a disc, the free space stays free. A 128 GB stick with 30 GB of images has 98 GB you can use for anything else.

Setting it up

  1. Get the tool from its own site

    Download from the project directly — for Ventoy that is ventoy.net, with the source code published on GitHub. Compare the released checksum against the file you received before running anything.

  2. Back up the stick

    Installation repartitions the device. Anything on it is gone. Confirm the device letter or path — this is the step where people erase the wrong disk.

  3. Run the installer once

    Select the USB device, choose the partition style to match the machines you support (GPT for UEFI-only fleets, MBR when older hardware is in scope), and let it write. It finishes in seconds.

  4. Copy images onto the data partition

    Drag them in like any other file. Subfolders are fine and make the menu easier to read. Eject properly — a half-flushed write produces an image that fails at boot for no visible reason.

  5. Test before you rely on it

    Boot the stick on the machine you actually intend to use it on, and let at least one entry start fully. A virtual machine set to boot from USB works for a quick check of the menu itself.

Keeping it organised

  • Keep the release version in the filename — fedora-workstation-41-x86_64.iso beats linux.iso in a hurry.
  • Group by purpose: /install, /rescue, /tools. Most loaders show the folder structure.
  • Store the checksum file next to each image so you can re-verify later without hunting for the page.
  • Delete superseded releases when you add a new one, or the menu becomes its own problem.
  • Keep a plain text note on the drive recording what each image is for and when you last tested it.

When an image will not start

Most failures fall into a short list of causes.

SymptomLikely causeWhat to try
Menu appears, entry does nothingImage not supported by the loaderCheck the project's tested-image list; write that one image to a spare stick instead
Security message before the menuSecure Boot verificationEnrol the key when prompted, or adjust the setting in firmware setup
Menu is emptyImages on the wrong partition, or an unreadable file systemConfirm files are on the data partition and the copy completed
Entry starts, then a kernel panic or blue screenCorrupt downloadRe-verify the checksum and copy again
Stick absent from the boot menu entirelyFirmware settings, not the driveWork through the boot checklist

Looking after the drive

Update the loader when a release fixes something you have hit — upgrades are designed not to touch the data partition, but copy anything irreplaceable off first anyway. Re-test the stick after firmware updates on the machines you support, since dbx revocations can change what boots. And treat the drive as consumable: flash memory has a finite life, and a rescue stick that fails on the day you need it is the worst possible time to learn that.